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Abstract: |
This pilot study investigates the language socialization
practices in Paraguayan families. Parents or primary
caregivers act as linguistic models for their children.
Paraguayan parents, from a small community, through
both their language attitudes and daily practices,
are socializing their children to be effective communicators
in their bilingual community. Linguistic Dynamics
Paraguay has a unique linguistic dynamic. Some sociolinguists
have labeled Paraguay as a diglossic society, where
Spanish is the "high variety" or formal language and
the indigenous language of Guaraní the "low variety"
or social language. Historical Background/Importance
Since 1989, when the dictator Alfredo Stronsenner
was over thrown, Paraguay has been moving towards
a new society where Paraguayans are protecting their
culture to ensure a long life in modern times. One
way of doing this is by acknowledging that Paraguay
is the first country in the South American continent
that recognizes the official character of its indigenous
language. Furthermore, government officials made a
political move making bilingual education mandatory.
Ten years after government officials have passed these
language policies, do Paraguayan families still see
language use in their community in this dichotomous
fashion? Language Attitudes In June of 2002, as part
of another study, 27 parents (all with children attending
first grade in a local elementary school at the time)
were interviewed regarding their linguistic attitudes
toward their first grader's bilingualism. This study's
results illustrate that a majority of these parents
value bilingualism. However, all parents see the Spanish
language more important than Guaraní in their child's
life. Linguistic Practices in the Home Keeping this
sample's linguistic attitudes in mind, the next step
in understanding language socialization practices
in this community is to investigate actual family
interaction to see how language practices shape this
linguistic environment and its dichotomous view of
language. A subset of six Paraguayan families from
this sample were videotaped during two family meals
and then interviewed regarding meal practices in their
families. It seems as though language use during family
meals is congruent with parental linguistic attitudes.
There also seems to be some trends in language use
and linguistic gender differences in this sample of
families. Interesting trends are also seen in terms
of the functions of each language during a family
interaction. Implications The results from this pilot
study begin to illustrate that these Paraguayan parents
seem to still be modeling this dichotomous or diglossic
view of bilingualism despite the language policies
implemented by officials in an attempt to give the
indigenous language a more legitimate position in
Paraguayan society.
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