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Abstract:
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The Paraguayan community in our country has grown
considerably during the last ten years. According
to unofficial records, it is estimated that about
one million Paraguayans live and work in Argentina.
However, the official records (Paraguayan consul Dr.
Peña) state that only 260,000 Paraguayans live in
Argentina, this is due to the number of illegal immigrants
which cannot be estimated. Most immigrants are located
in Buenos Aires (60%), and about 25%-30% is in the
border area (Formosa, Chaco, Corrientes and Misiones).
There is a small percentage (5%-10%) in the rest of
the country. One of the main causes of their migration
is the economic situation Paraguay is going through
nowadays, so they come to Argentina hoping to be employed.
Men work mainly in factories and/or as bricklayers
and, women, on their part, work either cleaning houses
or as baby-sitters. Unfortunately, the social condition
of most Paraguayan immigrants in Argentina is that
of farmers, with no professional qualifications, low
education level and, what is even worst, no personal
belongings. As a result of the economic crisis we
are living in Argentina, many Paraguayan families
have decided to return to their country, though the
situation there is not at all encouraging. Consequently,
more and more people continue coming from Paraguay
(most of them illegally) in order to get a job and
thus, keep their basic needs satisfied. They are called
'irregular migrants', people who enter a country,
usually looking for a job, without the necessary documents
(UNESCO, 2004). In 1992, the Paraguayan government
declared guarani as the second official language of
the Republic, which implies the application of such
language in formal education. In the past, on the
contrary, only Spanish was the language spoken at
schools, which obviously caused an immense feeling
of failure in most students whose language was guarani.
At least 60% of children who were about to begin school
did not either speak or understand Spanish, it was
evident that half of them left school before finishing
primary, and the ones who did finish this stage, did
so in a deficient way. Hence, this is one of the main
reasons of their little competence in Spanish. Migration
is an important factor regarding culture and language
contact, so even those who do not migrate are affected
by movements of people in or out their communities
(UNESCO,2004). Again, as the Paraguayan community
in Argentina is growing, there are many entities such
as "Club Social y Deportivo Paraguayo", radio stations,
newspapers ("Paraguay nuestro país") and TV programmes
("Viva Paraguay"-TVA) which represent this increasing
community. As they are integrating our own culture,
far from looking at discrimination and rejection,
I am particularly interested in the way they speak.
How is it that their mother tongue (guarani) influences
their Spanish in such a way that makes it sound so
peculiar? Although I am not going to concentrate on
guarani, I will attempt a conclusion by analysing
everyday Spanish.
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